Category: NR
Voice Over NR (VoNR Call Flow)
We are seeing 5G Stand Alone (SA) data services are rolling out throughout the world, it is very much essential for MNOs to provide services such as Voice/Video calls. To […]
5G RAN and 5GC Network Slice Signaling
Network Slicing is considered as one of the key feature by 3GPP in 5G. A network slice can be looked as a logical end-to-end network that can be dynamically created. […]
5G NR Cell Global Identity (NCGI) Planning and Calculations
In 5G, NR Cell Global Identifier (NCGI) is used to identify NR cells globally and similar to ECGI (EUTRA Cell Global Identifier ) in 4G LTE. The NCGI is constructed […]
Cloud RAN Orchestration and Management
The Orchestration and management for Cloud RAN (cRAN) is consist of a suite of Orchestration and OSS systems, including AI/ML advanced analytics systems, to automate the end-to-end service lifecycle starting […]
Open RAN Integration – Where We Today
Open RAN is being deployed by multiple Service Providers around the world. These deployment are large scale deployments in some of the largest countries in the world. In Open RAN […]
O-RAN Distributed Unit (O-DU) Reference Architecture
The O-RAN or Open Distributed Unit (O-DU) is a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) edge servers that can function as baseband processing unit to handles high PHY layer, MAC and RLC layer […]
5G NR Layer 2 – Radio Link Control (RLC) Overview
5G RLC overall functionality is almost same as LTE RLC. In 5G also, RLC has 3 different modes of operations and each of the mode can transmit and receive data, […]
5G NR QoS Architecture, QoS Attribute and QoS Flow
Quality of service (QoS) refer to the measurement of the overall performance of a service experienced by the users of the network. To quantitatively measure the QoS packet loss, bit rate, […]
3GPP Evolution for MIMO
Released 3GPP standards on MIMO are shown in below image. As you know, Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) is a type of Cooperative MIMO, in which data and channel state information (CSI) are […]
5G NR – Msg2 Random Access Response (RAR) – SA Mode
In 5G NR, the initial access include down-link synchronisation and up-link synchronisation procedures. Downlink synchronisation can be achieved after decoding Minimum System Information (SSB-MIB) and Remaining System Inforatmion (RMSI- SIB […]