mSAP: New PCB Technology to be used in 5G Smartphone
The light, small and multi-functional electronic products have led to the development of the printed circuit board on which the lines and vias depend on the high density interconnection (HDI), […]
LoRa – Device Re-activation Call Flow (Rejoin Procedure)
LoRa Technology supports the handling and configuration of rejoin-requests for LoRa End Devices. Using a rejoin-request, a device is able to request the network-server to re-activate, without being ‘disconnected’ until […]
LoRa – Device Activation Call Flow (Join Procedure) using OTAA and ABP
When a new End Device (LoRa Device) is added to a LoRa network, it should go through an activation process. Through the activation process, both session keys are shared between the […]
LoRa- (Long Range) Network and Protocol Architecture with Its Frame Structure
LoRa is Long Range ,low data rate, low power wireless platform technology for building IoT network. It uses unlicensed radio spectrum in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands to enable communication between […]
Narrow Band-IOT UE Attach Call Flow Messaging
When a NB-IOT UE accesses a cell, it follows the same principle as for LTE: It first searches a cell on an appropriate frequency. Decode NPSS and NSSS for NCellID. […]
Narrow Band Synchronization Signals (NPSS and NSSS)
The NPSS and NSSS helps UE to synchronize downlink to an NB-IoT cell. These are transmitted in certain subframes based on an 80-ms repetition interval. By synchronizing to NPSS and […]
Narrow Band-Physical Broadcast Channel (NPBCH)
NPBCH stands for narrow band physical broadcast channel similar to PBCH in LTE Technology. The NPBCH is used to deliver the NB-IoT Master Information Block (MIB), which provides essential information […]
What is LTE-LAA and its co-existence with other technologies
Licensed-assisted access (LAA) is a 3GPP enhancement of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) to allow cellular network operators to offload some of their data traffic by accessing the unlicensed 5 GHz frequency […]
5G NR Bandwidth Part (BWP)
A Bandwidth Part is a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) on a given carrier. These RBs are selected from a contiguous subset of the common resource blocks for […]
5G NR Reference Signals (DMRS, PTRS,SRS and CSI-RS)
To increase protocol efficiency, and to keep transmissions contained within a slot or beam without having to depend on other slots and beams, NR introduces the following four main reference […]