5G NR RLC – UM Mode Data Transmission
In 5G NR, RLC has 3 different modes of operations TM, UM and AM and each of the mode can transmit and receive data, serving different logical channels as per their requirement. This post provides […]
O-RAN – Radio Unit (O-RU) Reference Architecture
The Radio Unit (RU) purpose is to convert radio signals sent to and from the antenna to a digital signal that can be transmitted over the fronthaul to Distributed Unit […]
O-RAN – Fronthaul Delay and Its Management
O-RAN Split Option 7-2x, introduced a functional split between O-DU and O-RU within the PHY Layer of the radio interface. This split cause some delay in transmission and reception of […]
5G NR RLC – AM Mode Data Transmission
In 5G NR, RLC has 3 different modes of operations TM, UM and AM and each of the mode can transmit and receive data, serving different logical channels as per […]
O-RAN Fronthual C-U/Sync/Mgmt Planes and Protocol Stack
The interface between DU and RU is known as Fronthaul. When this interface allows to connect any vendor DU to any vendor RU, know as Open Fronthaul. To enable this multi […]
5G NR Layer 2 – Radio Link Control (RLC) Overview
5G RLC overall functionality is almost same as LTE RLC. In 5G also, RLC has 3 different modes of operations and each of the mode can transmit and receive data, […]
O-RAN Fronthaul Spilt Option 7-2x
Open Fronthaul w.r.t. ORAN Alliance is referred as Lower Layer Split (LLS) having a goal to increase the flexibility and competition on the telecom market. Lower layer split refers to […]
5G NR Dual Active Protocol Stack (DAPS) Handover – 3GPP Release 16
3GPP Definition: As per 3GPP TS 38.300 DAPS Handover can be defined as a handover procedure that maintains the source gNB connection after reception of RRC message (HO Command) for […]
5G NR QoS Architecture, QoS Attribute and QoS Flow
Quality of service (QoS) refer to the measurement of the overall performance of a service experienced by the users of the network. To quantitatively measure the QoS packet loss, bit rate, […]
5G NR NSA Network Access Issues and Possible Root Cause
Many of the operator across the global has started providing 5G services using NSA mode with Option 3.x . In NSA mode the network topology consist of a LTE cell, […]