OpenStack, OpenStack Component and Its Deployment Models
Open Stack is a free and open software platform for cloud computing. Cloud computing can be defined as a shared pool of configurable computer system resources and services that can […]
5G NR Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI)
RNTI stands for Radio Network Temporary Identifier. RNTIs are used to differentiate/identify a connected UE in the cell, a specific radio channel, a group of UEs in case of paging, […]
CBRS Network Architecture and Spectrum Access System (SAS) Operation
CBRS Network Architecture: CBRS is known as Citizen broadband radio service, It is a 150 MHz wide broadcast band in 3.5 GHz band starting from 3550 MHz to 3700 MHz. In 2017, the […]
5G NR Logical Channels,Transport Channels and Physical Channels Mapping
Logical Channel Definition : Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer of NR provides services to the Radio Link Control (RLC) Layer in the form of logical channels. A logical channel is […]
5G Self Backhaul- Integrated Access and Backhaul
Self-Backhauling Concept Self-backhauling defined as when the access i.e. Base station – Mobile and the backhaul (Base Station to Base Station or Base Station to Core Network) share the same […]
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) in LTE FDD
HARQ stands for Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request. HARQ = ARQ + FEC (Forward Error Correction)/Soft Combining. ARQ refers to Automatic Repeat Request i.e. if sender doesn’t receive Acknowledgement (ACK) before timeout, the […]
mSAP: New PCB Technology to be used in 5G Smartphone
The light, small and multi-functional electronic products have led to the development of the printed circuit board on which the lines and vias depend on the high density interconnection (HDI), […]
LoRa – Device Re-activation Call Flow (Rejoin Procedure)
LoRa Technology supports the handling and configuration of rejoin-requests for LoRa End Devices. Using a rejoin-request, a device is able to request the network-server to re-activate, without being ‘disconnected’ until […]
LoRa – Device Activation Call Flow (Join Procedure) using OTAA and ABP
When a new End Device (LoRa Device) is added to a LoRa network, it should go through an activation process. Through the activation process, both session keys are shared between the […]
LoRa- (Long Range) Network and Protocol Architecture with Its Frame Structure
LoRa is Long Range ,low data rate, low power wireless platform technology for building IoT network. It uses unlicensed radio spectrum in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands to enable communication between […]