What is LTE-LAA and its co-existence with other technologies
Licensed-assisted access (LAA) is a 3GPP enhancement of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) to allow cellular network operators to offload some of...
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5G NR Reference Signals (DMRS, PTRS,SRS and CSI-RS)
5G Reference Signals To increase protocol efficiency, and to keep transmissions contained within a slot or beam without having to...
5G Cell Phone Architecture
5G cell phones has to be designed to comply either 3GPP New Radio (NR) Release 15 and also need to...
Citizens Broadband Radio Service, Frequency Spectrum, Operation Modes
Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) is a 150 MHz wide broadcast band in 3.5 GHz band starting from 3550 MHz to 3700 MHz. The...
Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device(CBSD), Its Types and OEMs
Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device(CBSD): As per FCC, an eNodeB which is capable to support CBRS band is referred as...
Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL) | Maximum Path Loss (MPL)
Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL) and Maximum Path Loss (MPL) Maximum Coupling Loss has been chosen by 3GPP as the metric...
Amplifier Efficiency Concept, How Envelope Tracking (ET) helps better efficiency to Power Amplifiers?
Envelope tracking (ET) describes an approach to radio frequency (RF) amplifier design in which the power supply voltage applied to the RF power amplifier is continuously adjusted to...
NB IOT Cat. NB1 and Cat. NB2 Devices Comparison
Narrow Band IoT specifications was first introduced in 3GPP release 13 and then further enhanced in 3GPP release 14 with...
Narrow Band IoT Frame Structure
NB- IoT frame structure is illustrated in below picture. At the highest level, it starts with hyperframe cycle where one...
Samsung’s Exynos i S111 a New NB-IoT Modem
Samsung , the world leader in semiconductor and telecommunication has announced its new narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) chip set modem...