Narrow Band LTE- NB-IoT
NB-IoT or NB-LTE is a new 3GPP radio-access technology. It is not fully backward compatible with existing 3GPP devices however...
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Massive MIMO
In a wireless network, two wireless nodes communicate by transmitting and receiving data on a radio channel. This channel uses...
RF Sampling, making smaller base station for 3G, 4G, 5G Systems
“RF sampling” is the technology of digitizing an RF signal with an ADC directly, without an analog frequency conversion to...
3GPP Release 11
3GPP Release 11 3GPP standards development falls into three principal areas: radio interfaces, core networks and services. 3GPP Release 11...
Vector Network Analyzer
Vector network analyzer (VNA) is one of the most essential RF and microwave measurement instrument. VNA is commonly used to measure...
3GPP Release 15
In parallel to LTE evolution, Release 13 and Release 14 work already started. 3GPP Release-14 was focused mainly on 5G...
RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality)
RSRQ is th Reference Signal Received Quality and it can be defined using following. RSRQ= (N* RSRP)/RSSI As per the...
5G Technology Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
3GPP is still in process of finishing out 5G/NR Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). These KPIs are driven from ITM-2020 and some...
5G New Radio (NR)
5G New Radio (NR) is the wireless standard that will become the foundation for the next generation of mobile networks....
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)
RSSI represents the total received wide-band power measured over entire bandwidth by UE. RSSI is not reported to eNodeB. It is...