5G RLC – UM Mode Data Transmission
In 5G NR, RLC has 3 different modes of operations TM, UM and AM and each of the mode can transmit and receive data,...
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ORU – ORAN Radio Unit Reference Architecture
ORU- Open Radio Unit ORU (Open Radio Unit ) purpose is to convert radio signals sent to and from the...
O-RAN – Fronthaul Delay and Its Management
O-RAN Split Option 7-2x, introduced a functional split between O-DU and O-RU within the PHY Layer of the radio interface....
5G NR RLC – AM Mode Data Transmission
In 5G NR, RLC has 3 different modes of operations TM, UM and AM and each of the mode can...
5G ORAN Network Architecture Elements
ORAN Introduction ORAN network architecture is needed to address the specific needs of different mobile operators around the world and...
O-RAN Fronthual C-U/Sync/Mgmt Planes and Protocol Stack
O-RAN Fronthual The interface between DU and RU is known as Fronthaul. When this interface allows to connect any vendor...
5G NR Layer 2 – Radio Link Control (RLC) Overview
5G RLC overall functionality is almost same as LTE RLC. In 5G also, RLC has 3 different modes of operations...
O-RAN Fronthaul Spilt Option 7-2x
Open Fronthaul w.r.t. ORAN Alliance is referred as Lower Layer Split (LLS) having a goal to increase the flexibility and...
5G RACH Procedure Overview – CBRA & CFRA
5G RACH Overview When we want to connect a UE to 5G network, it has to synchronize in downlink as...
3GPP Evolution for MIMO
Released 3GPP standards on MIMO are shown in below image. As you know, Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) is a type of Cooperative...