What is directivity in a coupler ?
Directional couplers are four-port circuits where a defined amount of the electromagnetic power fed at the input port in a transmission line is coupled to a port (known as coupled […]
5G NR Physical Layer Vulnerability- Jamming, Sniffing and Spoofing
3GPP New Radio (NR) will be primary 5G standard moving forward. Cellular networks are no longer fixed to provide commercial services only, these are also being used to emergency service, […]
5G NR Measurements: RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ and SINR
In LTE, the UE measurements are done for RSRP, RSRQ and SNR associated with CRS (Cell Specific Reference Signal) . 5G NR uses SS (Synchronization Signal) and CSI (Channel State […]
What is the difference between co-located BTS and co-existed BTS and explain the required 3GPP compliance
Co-existence with other systems The manufacturer shall declare whether the BS under test is intended to operate in geographic areas where one or more of the systems GSM850, GSM900, DCS1800, […]
5G NR User Plane Latency
The definition of user plane latency as per 3GPP TR 38.913, is “the time to successfully deliver an application layer packet/message from the radio protocol L2/L3 SDU entering point to […]
5G – What Makes It Different & How Does It Impact Your Business – Mark Hearn CEO Network Control
You may see ads from your cell provider touting the coming of 5G, and you’re wondering what it is and what makes this different from the previous versions of cellular […]
5G NR Control Plane Latency
The latency performance of a communication system is analyzed for both control plane and user plane. In this post lets discuss about control plane latency. The definition of control plane […]
Dual Connectivity (DC) Definition, Protocol Architecture, DC and CA Comparison
Dual Connectivity Dual connectivity (DC) is a 3GPP Release 12 feature for small cell enhancement. Similar to carrier aggregation (CA), it aims to utilize the radio resource within multiple carriers […]
5G End to End KPI – Accessibility, Integrity and Utilization
A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a network is serving the user. In simple terms we can say KPIs describe the fitness level […]
5G Key Performance Indicator Definitions Template by 3GPP
3GPP specification TS 28.554 has given a template for end to end KPIs of 5G System. This template is valid for for both NR-Radio Access Network and Core Network. Below […]