Category: 5G Network Architectures
5G NR SSB Positioning – Time and Frequency Resources
In 5G NR, Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) includes PSS, SSS and PBCH and its location compared to LTE is completed different. In LTE, Sync signal position is straight forward located […]
IEEE 1588: Precision Time Protocol (PTP) for Telecom Networks
Overview of IEEE 1588 PTP PTP is a network based time synchronization protocol, but instead of millisecond-level synchronization, PTP networks aim to achieve nanosecond or even picosecond-level synchronization. Synchronization is […]
5G NR HO Setup: Handover Testing in Cabled Setup
Handover, or handoff in 5G NR or 4G LTE happens when a Data/Voice call is transferred from one cell to the an adjacent cell as the Mobile user moves through […]
Iperf : A Tool for Network Testing
Iperf or IP performance is a utility for testing network performance and its tuning. It is a cross-platform (windows, linux) tool which can provide standardized measurement results for any network […]
O-RAN – Radio Unit (O-RU) Reference Architecture
The Radio Unit (RU) purpose is to convert radio signals sent to and from the antenna to a digital signal that can be transmitted over the fronthaul to Distributed Unit […]
5G Open RAN Network Architecture Components
Open RAN network architecture is needed to address the specific needs of different mobile operators around the world and it is expected that vendors will interoperate to create customized Open […]
O-RAN Fronthaul Transport Synchronization Configurations
O-RAN maintains network timing distribution as the preferred approach within the fronthaul network. Time and frequency synchronization needs to be distributed to O-DU and O-RU for the effective O-RAN network […]
5G NR NSA Network Access Issues and Possible Root Cause
Many of the operator across the global has started providing 5G services using NSA mode with Option 3.x . In NSA mode the network topology consist of a LTE cell, […]
5G NR Stand Alone (SA) Requirement Analysis to Inter-Op with 4G
5G NR deployment option 2 as known as Stand Alone (SA) Architecture where 5G gNB connect to 5G Core network for all signalling and Data sessions. 4G LTE will coexist […]
5G NSA Option 3.x Deployment Interface BW Calculation
5G NSA 3.x Architecture 5G NR, initial deployments are based on 5G NSA, also known as Option-3. There are multiple variants of Option-3 namely option 3, Option 3a and Option […]